Signal transduction The cellular process that converts a signal, such as a hormone, growth factor, neurotransmitter, cytokine, mechanical force, or environmental cue, into biochemical changes inside ...

Nano-bio interfaces are crucial points of interaction between synthetic materials and biological systems at the nanoscale, facilitating the exchange of information and access to biological processes.

Microbial survival and adaptation often rely on the precise detection of small diatomic gases such as oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. Central to this capacity are heme prosthetic groups, in ...