Layer 2 of the OSI model is where we find the Data Link Layer, which provides the mechanism by which data is transferred from node to node across a network. What makes this layer important is that it ...

If you have anything to do with networked AV and you're not well-versed in the OSI model, we've got you covered. You will learn the fundamental ideas around getting data from host A to host B over a ...

This article originally appeared in TV Technology. When it comes to audio over IP, one area that seems to cause a substantial amount of confusion is whether a technology works at Layer 2 or Layer 3.

A networking topology choice that is easily misunderstood. There are many questions that come to mind when selecting a Layer 2 vs Layer 3 network topology for audio systems. Surprisingly, most of it ...

We met Mr. Murphy, of “What can go wrong, will” infamy, in the introduction to failure modes and the discussion of failure modes at the foundation levels. Now we will learn his tricks on shared media ...

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) provides for digital transmission over ordinary telephone copper wire as well as over other media uses. In this continuation of his tip on ISDN ...